Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees

Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees
BAWBILT

John Byers
Dear Colleagues:

As the "National Task Scientist" for task 4 in Sweden, I have been asked by Francois Lieutier to compile a list of important species of "bark and wood boring insects of living trees" = BAWBILT (note the word "living") with the help of others in Sweden. I have heard from Fredrik Schlyter who attended one of the BAWBILT meetings this year where the consensus was that ambrosia beetles would not be included for some reason. I would argue that BAWBILT by its very definition ("wood boring") should include insects that bore in wood of trees in the forest (or saw mill). These trees or parts of them are usually still living but near death. Thus I want to include, at this stage, a fairly broad range of insects that damage trees in the forest so they are less valuable for lumber or other products.

I have used Lekander et al. (1976) to make a bark beetle list on which I have also included ambrosia beetles since they start in living trees. This also means we could include cerambycids and buprestids if they attack living trees, or cut/fallen ones that are not completely dead.

Lekander, B., Bejer-Petersen, B., Kangas, E., and Bakke, A. 1976. The distribution of bark beetles in the nordic countries. Acta Ent. Fenn. 32:1-36. plus 78 illus.

I have ranked species of bark/ambrosia beetles from Lekander et al. based on how common they are and what I have heard, but any differing views from any of you will affect the rankings. New species, especially cerambycids and buprestids will be appreciated and the justification. So please send me back suggestions and new inclusions before the end of September via e-mail (the present list will be on the internet at http://www.wcrl.ars.usda.gov/cec/insects/bawbilt.htm

COLEOPTERA:

Scolytidae - bark and ambrosia beetles

Most important:

Tomicus minor Hart. - Pinus (pine), xx (shoot feeding), moderately to very common over scandinavia
Tomicus piniperda L. - Pinus (pine), xxx (shoot feeding), very common over scandinavia
Ips typographus L. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Pityogenes chalcographus L. - Picea (spruce), (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Trypodendron lineatum Ol. - Pinus, Picea, very common in scandinavia
Trypodendron domesticum L. - Quercus, Fagus, Tilia, Carpinus, Alnus, Prunus, Betula, Acer, Sorbus (in wood), moderately common in scandinavia

Moderately important:
Dryocoetes autographus Ratz. - Picea (spruce), (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Ips acuminatus Gyll. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), very common in middle-northern scandinavia
Ips amitinus Eichh. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), very common in Finland
Ips duplicatus Sahlb. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), moderately common to rare in Norway and Sweden, moderately common in Finland
Trypodendron signatus F. - Quercus, Alnus, Betula, not common to moderately common in scandinavia
Xyleborus dispar F. - most hardwoods (Quercus, Fagus, Tilia, Carpinus, Populus, Ulmus, Alnus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Prunus, Betula, Acer), moderately common in middle to southern scandinavia

Somewhat important:
Pityogenes bidentatus Hbst. - Pinus (pine), very common in scandinavia
Pityogenes quadridens Hart. - Pinus, very common in scandinavia
Dendroctonus micans Kug. - Picea (spruce), xx? - not common over scandinavia except moderately common in Denmark
Orthotomicus proximus Eichh. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately to very common in scandinavia
Orthotomicus suturalis Gyll. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately common in scandinavia
Polygraphus poligraphus L. - Picea, moderately common in scandinavia
Polygraphus punctifrons Thoms. - Picea, not common to moderately common in middle to northern scandianvia
Orthotomicus laricis F. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately common in scandinavia
Scolytus laevis Chap. - Ulmus (elm), xxx (Dutch elm disease), moderately common over southern scandinavia
Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans. - Betula (birch), xx?, very common over scandinavia
Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. - Prunus, xx?, moderately common over southern scandinavia

COMPLETE LIST:

Genus species Author - Genus of host tree (common name), [xxx=common pest, xx=sometimes pest, x=occasional damage], [locally or broadly, very common, moderately common, not common, rare, extinct], other host trees

Scolytus carpini Ratz. - Carpinus (hornbeam), rare, local
Scolytus intricatus Ratz. - Quercus (oak), moderately common over southern scandinavia
Scolytus laevis Chap. - Ulmus (elm), xxx (Dutch elm disease), moderately common over southern scandinavia
Scolytus multistriatus Mrsh. - Ulmus, xxx (Dutch elm disease), not common
Scolytus triarmatus Egg./S. scolytus F. - Ulmus, not common and local in southern scandinavia
Scolytus mali Bechst. - Prunus (cherry, peach, plum), not common
Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. - Prunus, xx?, moderately common over southern scandinavia
Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans. - Betula (birch), xx?, very common over scandinavia
Hylesinus crenatus F. - Fraxinus (ash), moderately common in southern scandinavia
Hylesinus fraxini Panz. - Fraxinus, moderately common in southern scandinavia
Hylesinus oleiperda F. - Fraxinus, not common in southern scandinavia
Hylesinus orni Fuchs - Fraxinus, not common to rare in southern scandinavia
Xylechinus pilosus Ratz. - Picea (spruce), not common but not rare over all of scandinavia
Dendroctonus micans Kug. - Picea, xx? - not common over scandinavia except moderately common in Denmark
Tomicus minor Hart. - Pinus (pine), xx (shoot feeding), moderately to very common over scandinavia
Tomicus piniperda L. - Pinus, xxx (shoot feeding), very common over scandinavia
Hylurgus ligniperda F. - Pinus, rare in southern scandinavia
Hylurgops glabratus Zett. - Pinus, moderately common over middle to northern scandinavia
Hylurgops palliatus Gyll. - Pinus and Picea, very common over scandinavia
Hylastes ater Payk. - Pinus, moderately to not common in southern scandinavia
Hylastes brunneus Er. - Pinus, moderately to very common in scandinavia
Hylastes cunicularius Er. - Picea (spruce), moderately common in scandinavia
Hylastes opacus Er. - Pinus (pine), moderately common in southern scandinavia
Polygraphus poligraphus L. - Picea (spruce), moderately common in scandinavia
Polygraphus punctifrons Thoms. - Picea, not common to moderately common in middle to northern scandianvia
Polygraphus subopacus Thoms. - Picea, not common in middle to northern scandinavia
Carphoborus cholodkowskyi Spess. - Pinus, rare in northern scandinavia
Carphoborus minimus F. - Pinus, very rare in northern scandinavia
Carphoborus rossicus Sem. - Picea, rare in northern scandinavia
Carphoborus tepluochovi Spess. - Picea, very rare in northern scandinavia
Crypturgus cinereus hbst. - Pinus, not common in scandinavia
Crypturgus hispidulus Thoms. - Pinus, moderately to not common in scandinavia
Crypturgus pusillus Gryll. - Picea, moderately common in scandinavia
Crypturgus subcribrosus Egg. - Picea, moderately common in scandinavia
Cryphalus abietis Ratz. - Picea, moderately common in southern scandinavia
Cryphalus saltuarius Weise - Picea, moderately common in northern scandinavia
Ernoporus caucasicus Lindem. - Tilia (basswood, linden), rare in southern scandinavia
Ernoporus tilia Panz. - Tilia, rare in southern scandinavia
Ernoporus fagi F. - Fagus (beech), rare in southern scandinavia
Trypophloeus alni Lindem. - Alnus (alder), rare in northen scandinavia
Trypophloeus asperatus Gyll. - Populus (poplar), rare in scandinavia
Trypophloeus bispinulus Egg. - Populus, rare in scandinavia
Trypophloeus grothi Haged. - Populus, rare in southern scandinavia
Trypophloeus palmi V. Hans. - Populus, rare in scandinavia
Phthorophloeus spinulosus Rey. - Picea (spruce), moderately common in scandinavia
Lymantor coryli Perr. - Corylus (hazel), (occasionally Tilia, Carpinus), not common in southern scandinavia
Taphrorychus bicolor Hbst. - Fagus (occasionally Quercus, Carpinus), not common to moderately common in southern scandinavia
Dryocoetes alni Georg. - Alnus (alder), moderately common in scandinavia
Dryocoetes autographus Ratz. - Picea (spruce), (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Dryocoetes hectographus Reit. - Picea, (occasionally Pinus), moderately common in middle to northern scandinavia
Dryocoetes villosus F. - Quercus (oak), (occasionally Fagus), moderately common in southern scandinavia
Pityophthorus glabratus Eichh. - Pinus (pine), rare in southern scandinavia
Pityophthorus lichtensteini Ratz. - Pinus (pine), not common in scandinavia
Pityophthorus micrographus L. - Picea (spruce), (occasionally Pinus), moderately common in scandinavia
Pityophthorus pubescens Marsh. - Picea (spruce), rare in southern scandinavia
Pityophthorus traegardhi Spess - Picea (spruce), rare in middle-northern scandinavia
Trypodendron domesticum L. - Quercus, Fagus, Tilia, Carpinus, Alnus, Prunus, Betula, Acer, Sorbus (in wood), moderately common in scandinavia
Trypodendron lineatum Ol. - Pinus, Picea, very common in scandinavia
Trypodendron piceum A. str. - Picea, rare in middle- northern scandinavia
Trypodendron signatus F. - Quercus, Alnus, Betula, not common to moderately common in scandinavia
Pityogenes bidentatus Hbst. - Pinus (pine), very common in scandinavia
Pityogenes chalcographus L. - Picea (spruce), (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Pityogenes irkutensis Egg. - Pinus (pine), rare in middle-northern scandinavia
Pityogenes monacensis Fuchs - Pinus, rare or extinct in southern scandinavia
Pityogenes quadridens Hart. - Pinus, very common in scandinavia
Pityogenes saalasi Egg. - Picea, rare in northern scandinavia
Pityogenes trepanatus N”rdl. - Pinus, not common or rare in southern scandinavia
Ips acuminatus Gyll. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), very common in middle-northern scandinavia
Ips amitinus Eichh. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), very common in Finland
Ips duplicatus Sahlb. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), moderately common to rare in Norway and Sweden, moderately common in Finland
Ips sexdentatus B”rn. - Pinus, rare or extinct in scandinavia (not common before 1900).
Ips typographus L. - Picea (occasionally Pinus), very common in scandinavia
Orthotomicus laricis F. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately common in scandinavia
Orthotomicus longicollis Gyll. - Pinus, rare in middle scandinavia
Orthotomicus proximus Eichh. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately to very common in scandinavia
Orthotomicus suturalis Gyll. - Pinus (occasionally Picea), moderately common in scandinavia
Xyleborus cryptographus Ratz. - Populus (poplar), rare to not common in middle scandinavia
Xyleborus dispar F. - most hardwoods (Quercus, Fagus, Tilia, Carpinus, Populus, Ulmus, Alnus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Prunus, Betula, Acer), moderately common in middle to southern scandinavia
Xyleborus monographus F. - Quercus
Xyleborus saxeseni Ratz. - Quercus, Fagus, Alnus, not common in southern scandinavia

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Other insects below are mainly from

Eidmann, H.H. and Klingström, A. 1976. Skadegörare iskogen. Centraltryckeriet AB, Borås, Sweden.

Lymexylidae:
Hylecoetus dermestoides - birch, hardwoods

Curculionidae:
Pissodes pini
Pissodes piniphilus
Pissodes notatus
Hylobius abietis

Cerambycidae:
Plagionotus arcuatus - oak
Saperda carcharias - aspen, poplar
Saperda populnea - aspen, poplar
Rhagium inquisitor - pine, spruce
Tetropium castaneum - spruce, pine, sometimes hardwoods
Tetropium fuscum - spruce, pine, sometimes hardwoods
Monochamus sutor - pine
Acanthocinus aedilis - pine
above from Eidmann and Klingstr”m
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below from Landin (Insekter) Possible species in genera:
Prionus coriarius - oak, beech and pine, common
Spondylis buprestoides - conifers, common over all Sweden
Lamia textor - willow, poplar, widespread
Hoplosia fennica - linden, lower Sweden
Pogonocherus hispidus - hardwoods
Acanthocinus griseus - pine, common
Acanthoderes clavipes - hardwoods, widespread
Leiopus nebulosus - hardwoods, common
Mesosa nebulosa - lower Sweden
Tetrops praeusta - hardwoods, common and widespread
Anaesthetis testacea - oak in Sm†land
Oberea oculata - willows, common
Stenostola diboa and Stenostola ferea - on linden, beech, elm, fruit trees
Necydalis major - hardwoods in upper half of Sweden
Acmaeops collaris - not sure
Toxotus cursor - hardwoods and conifers, widespread
Pachyta lamed - fire burned conifers, widespread
Nothorhina muricata - pine, northern half of Sweden
Asemum striatum and A. tenuicorne - widespread in conifers
Criocephalus rustica - widespread in conifers
Pyrrhidium sanguineum - oak, widespread
Plagionotus detritus and P. arcuatus - oak, widespread
Clytus arietis - hardwoods, widespread
Hylotrupes bajulus - pine, but mostly on building wood, widespread
Anaglyptas mysticus - hardwoods
Phymatodes testaceus - hardwoods
Xylotrechus antilope (on oak) X. rusticus (on aspen) and X. pantherinus (on willow)
Chlorophorus herbsti - linden, oak, elm
Semanotus undatus - conifers, widespread
Callidium aeneum - conifers, widespread
Callidium coriaceum - confifers, widespread and common

some of the above cerambycids must be pests sometimes, collectively they are a "pest".

Buprestidae:
information from Landin: Insekter.

Agrilus viridis - hardwoods
Anthaxia quadripunctata ?
Anthaxia godeti ?
Melanophila cyanea - conifers
Melanophila acuminata - conifers and hardwoods
Poecilonota variolosa - aspen
Lampra rutilans - linden (Norway)
Chalcophora mariana - pine
Dicerca moesta - pine
Dicerca acuminata - birch
Dicerca alni - alder
Dicerca berolinensis - beech
Buprestis rustica - conifers

LEPIDOPTERA:
Laspeyresia pactolana

HYMENOPTERA:
Urocerus gigas - evergreens?
Sirex juvencus